Oracle

Oracle database is a relational database management system. It is also called OracleDB, or simply Oracle. It is produced and marketed by Oracle Corporation.

It is one of the most popular relational database engines in the IT market for storing, organizing, and retrieving data.

Oracle database was the first DB that designed for enterprise grid computing and data warehousing. Enterprise grid computing provides the most flexible and cost-effective way to manage information and applications. It uses SQL queries as a language for interacting with the database.

Why to use Oracle?

There are several reasons why organizations choose Oracle for their technology needs:

• Reliability and Performance: Oracle Database is renowned for its reliability, scalability, and performance. It can handle large volumes of data and transactions efficiently, making it suitable for mission-critical applications.
• Comprehensive Product Portfolio: Oracle offers a wide range of enterprise software solutions beyond databases, including ERP, CRM, SCM, HCM, and more. These integrated applications help organizations streamline operations, improve decision-making, and enhance productivity.
• Security: Oracle prioritizes security in its products, providing robust features and capabilities to protect data and applications against threats and vulnerabilities. This is crucial for organizations handling sensitive information.
• Innovation: Oracle invests heavily in research and development, driving innovation in areas such as database technologies, cloud computing, AI, machine learning, and block chain. This ensures that customers have access to cutting-edge solutions that can support their business growth.
• Scalability: Oracle’s solutions are designed to scale from small businesses to large enterprises. Whether on-premises or in the cloud, Oracle provides flexible deployment options that can adapt to varying business needs and growth trajectories.
• Integration Capabilities: Oracle’s middleware and integration technologies facilitate seamless connectivity and interoperability across different systems and applications. This helps organizations leverage existing investments while modernizing their IT infrastructure.
• Cloud Services: Oracle Cloud offers a comprehensive suite of cloud services, including IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS solutions. This allows organizations to leverage the benefits of cloud computing, such as scalability, agility, and cost-efficiency.
• Support and Services: Oracle provides extensive customer support, consulting services, and training programs to help organizations deploy, manage, and optimize their Oracle solutions effectively. This ensures that customers can maximize the value of their investments in Oracle technologies.
• Global Presence and Expertise: With a global presence and a vast network of partners, Oracle has the expertise and resources to support organizations of all sizes and industries across different regions worldwide.
• Industry Leadership: Oracle’s established reputation as a leader in enterprise software and database technologies, along with its commitment to customer success, makes it a preferred choice for organizations looking for reliable, scalable, and innovative solutions.

Where to Use Oracle?

Oracle technologies, particularly its database management systems and enterprise software solutions, are used in a variety of scenarios and industries where robust data management, reliability, scalability, and integration capabilities are essential. Here are some specific areas where Oracle is commonly used:

• Enterprise Data Management:
  • Oracle Database: Used for managing large volumes of data in mission-critical environments. It’s suitable for industries such as finance, telecommunications, healthcare, and government where data security, reliability, and performance are paramount.
• Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP):
  • Oracle ERP Cloud: Helps organizations streamline financial management, procurement, project management, and other core business processes. It’s used across industries to improve operational efficiency and decision-making.
• Customer Relationship Management (CRM):
  • Oracle CX Cloud: Provides tools for managing sales, marketing, service, and commerce activities. It helps organizations deliver personalized customer experiences and drive customer engagement.
• Supply Chain Management (SCM):
  • Oracle SCM Cloud: Enables organizations to optimize supply chain operations, including inventory management, logistics, and manufacturing. It supports efficient collaboration with suppliers and partners.
• Human Capital Management (HCM):
  • Oracle HCM Cloud: Manages HR processes such as payroll, talent acquisition, performance management, and workforce planning. It helps organizations attract, retain, and develop talent effectively.
• Business Intelligence and Analytics:
  • Oracle Analytics Cloud: Provides tools for data visualization, predictive analytics, and business intelligence. It helps organizations derive insights from data to support strategic decision-making.
• Cloud Computing:
  • Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI): Offers scalable and secure cloud infrastructure services, including computing, storage, networking, and databases. It’s used for deploying applications, running workloads, and supporting digital transformation initiatives.
• Middleware and Integration:
  • Oracle Fusion Middleware: Facilitates integration between different applications, systems, and databases. It supports service-oriented architecture (SOA), APIs, and enterprise messaging.
• Industry-Specific Solutions:
  • Oracle provides tailored solutions for industries such as financial services, telecommunications, healthcare, retail, manufacturing, and public sector. These solutions address specific regulatory requirements and industry challenges.
• Global Operations and Large Enterprises:
  • Oracle’s technologies are well-suited for large enterprises and multinational organizations that require scalable, integrated, and secure solutions to support their global operations and complex business processes.

Module 1: Introduction to Database

• List the features of Oracle Database 11g
• Discuss the basic design, theoretical, and physical aspects of a relational database
• Categorize the different types of SQL statements
• Describe the data set used by the course
• Log on to the database using SQL Developer environment
• Save queries to files and use script files in SQL Developer

Module 2: Retrieve Data using the SQL SELECT Statement

• List the capabilities of SQL SELECT statements
• Generate a report of data from the output of a basic SELECT statement
• Select All Columns
• Select Specific Columns
• Use Column Heading Defaults
• Use Arithmetic Operators
• Understand Operator Precedence
• Learn the DESCRIBE command to display the table structure

Module 3: Learn to Restrict and Sort Data

• Write queries that contain a WHERE clause to limit the output retrieved
• List the comparison operators and logical operators that are used in a WHERE clause
• Describe the rules of precedence for comparison and logical operators
• Use character string literals in the WHERE clause
• Write queries that contain an ORDER BY clause to sort the output of a SELECT statement
• Sort output in descending and ascending order

Module 4: Usage of Single-Row Functions to Customize Output

• Describe the differences between single row and multiple row functions
• Manipulate strings with character function in the SELECT and WHERE clauses
• Manipulate numbers with the ROUND, TRUNC, and MOD functions
• Perform arithmetic with date data
• Manipulate dates with the DATE functions

Module 5: Invoke Conversion Functions and Conditional Expressions

• Describe implicit and explicit data type conversion
• Use the TO_CHAR, TO_NUMBER, and TO_DATE conversion functions
• Nest multiple functions
• Apply the NVL, NULLIF, and COALESCE functions to data
• Use conditional IF THEN ELSE logic in a SELECT

Module 6: Aggregate Data Using the Group Functions

• Use the aggregation functions in SELECT statements to produce meaningful reports
• Divide the data into groups by using the GROUP BY clause
• Exclude groups of date by using the HAVING clause

Module 7: Display Data from Multiple Tables Using Joins

• Write SELECT statements to access data from more than one table
• View data that generally does not meet a join condition by using outer joins
• Join a table by using a self-join

Module 8: Use Sub-queries to Solve Queries

• Describe the types of problem that subqueries can solve
• Define sub-queries
• List the types of sub-queries

Module 9: The SET Operators

• Describe the SET operators
• Use a SET operator to combine multiple queries into a single query
• Control the order of rows returned

Module 10: Data Manipulation Statements

• Describe each DML statement
• Insert rows into a table
• Change rows in a table by the UPDATE statement
• Delete rows from a table with the DELETE statement
• Save and discard changes with the COMMIT and ROLLBACK statements
• Explain read consistency

Module 11: Use of DDL Statements to Create and Manage Tables

• Categorize the main database objects
• Review the table structure
• List the data types available for columns
• Create a simple table
• Decipher how constraints can be created at table creation
• Describe how schema objects work

Module 12: Other Schema Objects

• Create a simple and complex view
• Retrieve data from views
• Create, maintain, and use sequences
• Create and maintain indexes
• Create private and public synonyms

Module 13: Control User Access

• Differentiate system privileges from object privileges
• Create Users
• Grant System Privileges
• Create and Grant Privileges to a Role
• Change Your Password
• Grant Object Privileges
• How to pass on privileges?
• Revoke Object Privileges

Module 14: Management of Schema Objects

• Add, Modify and Drop a Column
• Add, Drop and Defer a Constraint
• How to enable and Disable a Constraint?
• Create and Remove Indexes
• Create a Function-Based Index
• Perform Flashback Operations
• Create an External Table by Using ORACLE_LOADER and by Using ORACLE_DATAPUMP
• Query External Tables

Module 15: Manage Objects with Data Dictionary Views

• Explain the data dictionary
• Use the Dictionary Views
• USER_OBJECTS and ALL_OBJECTS Views
• Table and Column Information
• Query the dictionary views for constraint information
• Query the dictionary views for view, sequence, index, and synonym information
• Add a comment to a table
• Query the dictionary views for comment information

Module 16: Manipulate Large Data Sets

• Use Subqueries to Manipulate Data
• Retrieve Data Using a Subquery as Source
• Insert Using a Subquery as a Target
• Usage of the WITH CHECK OPTION Keyword on DML Statements
• List the types of Multitable INSERT Statements
• Use Multitable INSERT Statements
• Merge rows in a table
• Track Changes in Data over a period of time

Module 17: Data Management in Different Time Zones

• Time Zones
• CURRENT_DATE, CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, and LOCALTIMESTAMP
• Compare Date and Time in a Session’s Time Zone
• DBTIMEZONE and SESSIONTIMEZONE
• Difference between DATE and TIMESTAMP
• INTERVAL Data Types
• Use EXTRACT, TZ_OFFSET, and FROM_TZ
• Invoke TO_TIMESTAMP, TO_YMINTERVAL and TO_DSINTERVAL

Module 18: Retrieve Data Using Sub-queries

• Multiple-Column Subqueries
• Pairwise and Non Pairwise Comparison
• Scalar Subquery Expressions
• Solve problems with Correlated Subqueries
• Update and Delete Rows Using Correlated Subqueries
• The EXISTS and NOT EXISTS operators
• Invoke the WITH clause
• The Recursive WITH clause

Module 19: Regular Expression Support

• Use the Regular Expressions Functions and Conditions in SQL
• Use Meta Characters with Regular Expressions
• Perform a Basic Search using the REGEXP_LIKE function
• Find patterns using the REGEXP_INSTR function
• Extract Substrings using the REGEXP_SUBSTR function
• Replace Patterns Using the REGEXP_REPLACE function
• Usage of Sub-Expressions with Regular Expression Support
• Implement the REGEXP_COUNT function

Oracle PLSQL

Module 1: Introduction to PL/SQL

• PL/SQL Overview
• Benefits of PL/SQL Subprograms
• Overview of the Types of PL/SQL blocks
• Create a Simple Anonymous Block
• Generate Output from a PL/SQL block

Module 2: PL/SQL Identifiers

• List the different Types of Identifiers in a PL/SQL subprogram
• Usage of the Declarative Section to define Identifiers
• Use variable to store data
• Identify Scalar Data Types
• The %Type Attribute
• What are Bind Variables?
• Sequences in PL/SQL Expressions

Module 3: Write Executable Statements

• Describe Basics PL/SQL Block Syntax Guidelines
• Comment Code
• Deployment of SQL Functions in PL/SQL
• How to convert Data types?
• Nested Blocks
• Identify the Operators in PL/SQL

Module 4: Interaction with the Oracle Server

• Invoke SELECT Statements in PL/SQL to Retrieve data
• Data Manipulation in the Server Using PL/SQL
• SQL Cursor concept
• Usage of SQL Cursor Attributes to Obtain Feedback on DML
• Save and Discard Transactions

Module 5:  Control Structures

• Conditional processing Using IF Statements
• Conditional processing Using CASE Statements
• Use simple Loop Statement
• Use While Loop Statement
• Use For Loop Statement
• Describe the Continue Statement

Module 6: Composite Data Types

• Use PL/SQL Records
• The %ROWTYPE Attribute
• Insert and Update with PL/SQL Records
• Associative Arrays (INDEX BY Tables)
• Examine INDEX BY Table Methods
• Use INDEX BY Table of Records

Module 7: Explicit Cursors

• What are Explicit Cursors?
• Declare the Cursor
• Open the Cursor
• Fetch data from the Cursor
• Close the Cursor
• Cursor FOR loop
• Explicit Cursor Attributes
• FOR UPDATE Clause and WHERE CURRENT Clause

Module 8: Exception Handling

• Understand Exceptions
• Handle Exceptions with PL/SQL
• Trap Predefined Oracle Server Errors
• Trap Non-Predefined Oracle Server Errors
• Trap User-Defined Exceptions
• Propagate Exceptions
• RAISE APPLICATION_ERROR Procedure

Module 9: Stored Procedures and Functions

• Understand Stored Procedures and Functions
• Differentiate between anonymous blocks and subprograms
• Create a Simple Procedure
• Create a Simple Procedure with IN parameter
• Create a Simple Function
• Execute a Simple Procedure
• Execute a Simple Function

Module 10: Create Stored Procedures

• Create a Modularized and Layered Subprogram Design
• Modularize Development With PL/SQL Blocks
• Describe the PL/SQL Execution Environment
• Identity the benefits of Using PL/SQL Subprograms
• List the differences Between Anonymous Blocks and Subprograms
• Create, Call, and Remove Stored Procedures Using the CREATE Command and SQL Developer
• Implement Procedures Parameters and Parameters Modes
• View Procedures Information Using the Data Dictionary Views and SQL Developer

Module 11: Create Stored Functions

• Create, Call, and Remove a Stored Function Using the CREATE Command and SQL Developer
• Identity the advantages of Using Stored Functions in SQL Statements
• List the steps to create a stored function
• Implement User-Defined Functions in SQL Statements
• Identity the restrictions when calling Functions from SQL statements
• Control Side Effects when calling Functions from SQL Expressions
• View Functions Information

Module 12: Create Packages

• Identity the advantages of Packages
• Describe Packages
• List the components of a Package
• Develop a Package
• How to enable visibility of a Package’s components?
• Create the Package Specification and Body Using the SQL CREATE Statement and SQL Developer
• Invoke Package Constructs
• View PL/SQL Source Code Using the Data Dictionary

Module 13: Packages

• Overloading Subprograms in PL/SQL
• Use the STANDARD Package
• Persistent State of Packages
• Persistent State of a Package Cursor
• Control Side Effects of PL/SQL Subprograms
• Invoke PL/SQL. Tables of Records in Packages
• Use Forward Declarations to Solve Illegal Procedure Reference
• Implement Package Functions in SQL and Restrictions.

Module 14: Implement Oracle-Supplied Packages in Application Development

• What are Oracle-Supplied Packages?
• Examples of Some of the Oracle-Supplied Packages
• How Does the DBMS_OUTPUT Package Work?
• Use the UTL_FILE Package to Interact With Operating System Files
• Invoke the UTL MAIL Package
• Write UTL_MAIL Subprograms

Module 15: Dynamic SQL

• The Execution Flow of SQL
• What is Dynamic SQL?
• Declare Cursor Variables
• Dynamically executing a PL/SQL Block
• Configure Native Dynamic SQL to Compile PL/SQL Code
• Invoke DBMS_SQL Package
• Implement DBMS_SQL with a Parameterized DML Statement
• Dynamic SQL Functional Completeness

Module 16: Design Considerations for PL/SQL Code

• Standardize Constants and Exceptions
• Understand Local Subprograms
• Write Autonomous Transactions
• Implement the NOCOPY Compiler Hint
• Invoke the PARALLEL ENABLE Hint
• The Cross-Session PL/SQL Function Result Cache
• The DETERMINISTIC Clause with Functions
• Usage of Bulk Binding to improve Performance

Module 17: Triggers

• Describe Triggers
• Identify the Trigger Event Types and Body
• Business Application Scenarios for Implementing Triggers
• Create DML Triggers Using the CREATE TRIGGER Statement and SQL Developer
• Identify the Trigger Event Types, Body, and Firing (Timing)
• Statement Level Triggers Versus Row Level Triggers
• Create Instead of and Disabled Triggers
• How to Manage, Test, and Remove Triggers?

Module 18: Create Compound, DDL, and Event Database Triggers

• What are Compound Triggers?
• Identify the Timing-Point Sections of a Table Compound Trigger
• Compound Trigger Structure for Tables and Views
• Implement a Compound Trigger to Resolve the Mutating Table Error
• Compare Database Triggers to Stored Procedures
• Create Triggers on DDL Statements
• Create Database-Event and System-Event Triggers
• System Privileges Required to Manage Triggers

Module 19: The PL/SQL Compiler

• What is the PL/SQL Compiler?
• Describe the Initialization Parameters for PL/SQL Compilation
• List the New PL/SQL Compile Time Warnings
• Overview of PL/SQL Compile Time Warnings for Subprograms
• List the benefits of Compiler Warnings
• List the PL/SQL Compile Time Warning Messages Categories
• Setting the Warning Messages Levels: Using SQL Developer, PLSQL_WARNINGS Initialization Parameter, and the DBMS_WARNING Package Subprograms
• View Compiler Warnings: Using SQL Developer, SQL*Plus, or the Data Dictionary Views

Module 20: Manage PL/SQL Code

• What Is Conditional Compilation?
• Implement Selection Directives
• Invoke Predefined and User-Defined Inquiry Directives
• The PLSQL_CCFLAGS Parameter and the Inquiry Directive
• Conditional Compilation Error Directives to Raise User-Defined Errors
• The DBMS_DB_VERSION Package
• Write DBMS_PREPROCESSOR Procedures to Print or Retrieve Source Text
• Obfuscation and Wrapping PL/SQL Code

Module 21: Manage Dependencies

• Overview of Schema Object, Dependencies
• Query Direct Object Dependencies using the USER DEPENDENCIES View
• Query an Object’s Status
• Invalidation of Dependent Objects
• Display the Direct and Indirect Dependencies
• Fine-Grained Dependency Management in Oracle Database 11g
• Understand Remote Dependencies
• Recompile a PL/SQL Program